Irina Alexandrovna Zaitseva Fitness against obesity

Introduction

According to world statistics, currently about 60% of the world's population suffers from obesity. In Russia, the problem of overweight worries more than 54% of the population, and most of them are women. Now there is no doubt that being overweight not only significantly spoils the appearance, but also causes stress, depression, self-doubt, and most importantly, adversely affects the general state of human health, being the main cause of diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine, digestive and respiratory systems, varicose veins and many other diseases. If you are holding our book in your hands, then the first step has been taken. Now you just have to be patient and willpower. Losing weight is a long process that will require time, endurance, and most importantly, the desire to achieve results. The fact is that any well-designed weight loss program involves significant changes in diet, sleep, and sometimes the whole life routine. However, if you seriously decide to start a new life, this should not scare you. As you know, one of the most popular and effective types of physical activity in terms of promoting health is fitness. Fitness includes a huge variety of areas, which include all types of gymnastics, aerobics, water aerobics and even dance styles. The book contains exercise programs for weight loss and muscle strengthening. You will be able to choose the optimal program even if you have not done fitness before. The programs differ in the level of complexity, for beginners a special complex has been developed, aimed at preparing and strengthening all the main muscles of the body. For women with an average and high level of physical fitness, the book presents programs that include strength exercises.

1. OBESITY

What is the first thing we pay attention to when looking at a person? Of course, on its appearance, the main component of which is the figure. For most people, a fit, athletic man or a graceful woman is much more attractive than an out-of-shape person. However, as you know, obesity is not only an aesthetic problem, but primarily a health problem. Obesity is an unhealthy state of the body, characterized by an increased accumulation of fat in the cells of adipose tissue, and in the case of severe obesity, an increase in fat cells, in other words, the growth of adipose tissue. According to scientific research, a predisposition to obesity, as a psychophysiological state, develops long before how the disease becomes apparent.

It should be noted that the accumulation of fat in the cells of adipose tissue is a natural process in the body as a result of the consumption of a large amount of energy that does not correspond to the energy consumption of the body. In the normal state of the body, such an excess does not last long, since there are neuropsychological mechanisms that regulate the energy balance. Obesity develops as a result of disruption of these mechanisms. The main component of the mechanism for the development of obesity is the adipose tissue itself, which performs endocrine and autocrine functions. Substances secreted by adipose tissue have different biological effects and can affect the activity of metabolic processes in tissues and various body systems, either directly or indirectly, through the neuroendocrine system. In this regard, many are wondering how to get rid of this disease forever. First of all, you need to rid your body of a predisposition to obesity, in other words, switch it from a state of increased accumulation of adipose tissue to a state of intensive fat burning for energy needs. A more difficult task is to get rid of excess weight. In order to do this, it is necessary to follow certain rules regarding, first of all, the diet and energy consumption, as well as physical activity. Together, these rules form a kind of weight loss program, following which a person achieves the intended result. Thus, we can conclude that weight loss should occur through a complex effect on the body. The CNS system "hypothalamus - adipose tissue" is of great importance in the regulation of energy metabolism. Its main link is the hormone leptin, secreted by the fat cell (adipocyte), which contributes to the rational utilization of energy resources and their use.

Overweight people should be aware that obesity is directly related to a large number of serious diseases.
Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)

This disease is especially dangerous because its characteristic signs at the initial stage are very similar to those of ordinary overwork. That is why many obese people are unaware of the development of arterial hypertension until a certain time. In overweight people, blood pressure is usually so high that there is a risk of rupture of blood vessels and, as a result, a stroke. The fact is that an overweight human body simply needs increased pressure, since the heart needs to pump blood under high pressure.
Atherosclerosis

It is the most common chronic disease of the arteries, accompanied by the formation of single and multiple foci of lipid, mainly cholesterol, deposits (plaques) on the inner lining of the arteries. The subsequent proliferation of connective tissue in the artery (sclerosis) and the deposition of calcium in the walls of the vessel lead to deformation and narrowing of its lumen up to complete blockage of the artery. As a result, there is a lack of blood supply to the organ fed through the affected artery. Кроме того, возможна острая закупорка просвета артерии либо тромбом, либо (значительно реже) содержимым распавшейся бляшки, либо и тем и другим одновременно, что приводит к образованию некроза (инфаркт) или гангрены в органе, который питается этой артерией.Atherosclerosisу наиболее подвержены мужчины в aged 50-60 and women over 60. Factors in the development of the disease are smoking, overweight, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, stress, sedentary lifestyle.
Type II diabetes

It is a disease of the endocrine system that occurs due to a lack of insulin and is characterized by a gross violation of carbohydrate metabolism and other metabolic disorders. Currently, 150 million people on the planet have diabetes mellitus, of which 8 million are Russians. Glucose is the main substrate necessary for energy production and vital activity of any cell. It enters the blood from the intestines after the breakdown of carbohydrates, and can also be formed in the body from glycogen.

Insulin is needed by the body to maintain normal blood sugar levels. In addition, it promotes the entry of glucose into cells, regulates protein metabolism, stimulates the synthesis of proteins from amino acids and their transport into cells. Таким образом, для нормальной жизнедеятельности организма ему необходимо определенное количество инсулина.Type II diabetes в большинстве случаев встречается у пожилых людей и характеризуется выработкой малого количества инсулина поджелудочной железой. In addition, as a result of the development of this disease, the susceptibility of cells to insulin decreases. In patients with type II diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, and hypertension are observed, resulting in an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, decreased vision and sensitivity, and impaired kidney function. As a result of sugar type II diabetes, acetone, acetoacetic and beta-hydroxybutyric acids (ketone bodies) are formed in the body in an increased amount, which are toxic to the body and primarily to the brain.

It should be noted that with diabetes, it is especially important to follow a diet. Taking the medicine should not be accompanied by the use of carbohydrates, but the amount of protein should not be reduced. For the period of treatment, products such as sweet fruits, in particular grapes and raisins, as well as sweet carbonated drinks, are excluded from the diet. Diabetes mellitus ranks third in the number of deaths after cardiovascular pathology and malignant neoplasms, since it causes damage to the vessels of the heart, мозга, конечностей, почек, сетчатки глаз, что, в свою очередь, приводит к развитию инфаркта миокарда, инсульта, гангрены, а также потере зрения.Type II diabetes в большинстве случаев возникает у людей с избыточным весом, однако встречается и у людей с normal body weight. The disease develops gradually and is due to hereditary predisposition. Clinical signs of type II diabetes mellitus are thirst, frequent urination, itching, weakness, tingling in the feet and hands, long healing wounds, disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Cardiac ischemia

Under the name of IHD, a group of diseases is combined, the cause of which is a decrease or complete cessation of blood supply to the heart muscle and, as a result, oxygen starvation of certain sections of the myocardium (ischemia). In most cases, coronary heart disease is complicated by angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and is a consequence of atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels. Factors predispositions to coronary heart disease are: • excessive consumption of fatty and carbohydrate-rich foods and, as a result, obesity; • sedentary lifestyle; • stress; • smoking; • alcohol abuse; • arterial hypertension; • electrolyte metabolism disorders; • hereditary predisposition;• Diabetes mellitus. It should be noted that men are more prone to coronary heart disease than women. Characteristic signs of coronary artery disease are a feeling of suffocation, aggravated in the cold, chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath.
Phlebeurysm

It is an expansion of superficial veins, accompanied by a violation of the valves and a deterioration in blood flow. There are primary and secondary varicose veins. The primary is due to weakness or violations of the venous wall. Factors in the development of the disease are pregnancy, obesity, prolonged standing, congenital weakness of the connective tissue. Secondary varicose veins occur as a result of impaired venous outflow, as well as with tumors and injuries. In varicose veins, damaged valves allow blood to enter the superficial venous system, resulting in increased pressure in the latter and, as a result, vein expansion occurs.

The main signs of varicose veins