Margarita Alexandrovna Zyablitseva ten0% vision. Fitness and diet for the eyes

Fitness and diet… for the eyes

If we need to keep fit, strengthen the muscles of the body, we go to gyms, do exercises. Everyone knows that if the muscles are not trained, they will become weak, flabby, ugly and stop working properly. This also applies to the eye muscles. If we have a numb arm or leg, we do a warm-up (bend/unbend the numb arm or leg). When your eyes get tired, they also need a warm-up (frequent blinking, for example). To work well, the eyes, like our entire body, need exercise in the morning, rest after work, fitness at least on weekends. Moreover, to implement this, you do not need to sign up for a sports club and go to the gym.
If we want to look good and feel great, we need to eat right. We choose those products that benefit our body, not harm. Diets and proper nutrition are needed not only to maintain harmony, improve the liver, stomach, etc. We also need foods that help maintain good vision. What is important is not less than a good figure.
This book is a complete guide to fitness and diet for the eyes. The Self-Teacher contains useful information not only for those who want to maintain their vision (and clarity of mind),[one] but also for those who seek to restore their vision. In combination with the therapeutic measures planned by the attending physician, it will be useful for such readers to perform special health-improving gymnastics, to which separate chapters of this book are devoted, and it will also be interesting to learn about folk methods of treatment, copyright courses for restoring vision, and much more.
How can you take care of and preserve “the best gift and the most wonderful work of creative power”?[2] You will find out on the pages of this book.

Complex device - the eye

Surely everyone in childhood tried to dismantle at least one of their favorite toys for parts only to find out - how is it arranged ?! Inquisitiveness of the mind, curiosity is the first step towards a careful attitude and the desire to protect everything beautiful, intricately arranged. Realizing how fragile things can be, you begin to appreciate and protect them more so that they serve and please as long as possible. Can the same attitude be applied to one's body, to one's health? Of course yes! You just need to think a little about how complex and unique each of us is! How smoothly and clearly each part of our body works.
Let's say eyes. What could be easier than seeing? You do not immediately begin to appreciate this gift given to us from birth. But one has only to think about what a complex device - the EYE - and you immediately want to take care of your vision.
Eyes are designed by nature to be spherical. And this is no accident. Thanks to this, the eye can easily rotate around three axes: vertical (from left to right), horizontal (up and down) and an axis coinciding with the optical axis of the eye.

Rice. one. The structure of the eye

Around the eye are three pairs of oculomotor muscles. Each of them has its own purpose. One pair turns the eye left and right, the other - up and down, the third - relative to the optical axis. The oculomotor muscles themselves are controlled by signals coming from the brain. These muscles are executive organs that provide automatic tracking. Thanks to them, we easily follow with our eyes a flying bird, an airplane or a soccer ball, which a nimble child, giving a pass, sent right into the windows of the house ... In other words, these muscles allow us to observe any object moving near or far. The automatic control system allows us to keep track of the same birds, planes and balls, not only standing still in one place, but also when we are driving a car, train, train, tram. And looking out the window of the plane, we can also see everything that moves there. The eyes give us such an opportunity.

Rice. 2. Oculomotor muscles

The oculomotor muscles are the fastest-acting in the human body. For example, when we look at a painting, our eyes make jumps - up to onetwenty jumps per minute! The duration of one jump is only a few hundredths of a second.
In addition to jumps, the eye continuously makes small, but very fast fluctuations. They are very important for the work of the eye, especially when looking at small objects. Scientists believe that the eye has another important function - they help the lens of the eye to focus the image on the retina when objects are at different distances from the eyes. If necessary, the muscles, as it were, stretch or compress the eyeball, thereby moving the retina of the eye, removing or bringing it closer to the lens, facilitating while focusing.

Rice. 3. Action of the oculomotor muscles

The eye contains a special receptor (perceiving) apparatus and a special optical system that focuses light rays and provides a clear image of visible objects on the retina in a reduced and inverted form. Before reaching the retina, light rays pass through several refractive surfaces: the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea, the lens, and the vitreous body.
It is interesting!
A tie that is too tight can lead to blindness, American scientists say, as the tie constricts the jugular vein and exerts strong pressure on the fundus of the eye, which leads to the development of glaucoma and complete blindness.
A clear, sharp vision of objects at different distances is provided by changing the curvature of the lens, and hence its optical power, by contracting or relaxing a special muscle located around the lens. This muscle changes the convexity of the lens itself. This process is called accommodation of the eye. Its mechanism is schematically shown in Fig. four.
Accommodation is the most important regulator of vision function. With age, the power of accommodation gradually decreases because the lens becomes less elastic. This is how senile farsightedness, or presbyopia, occurs, and a person tends to move a book or newspaper away from his eyes or uses glasses with convex lenses.

Rice. four. Механизм аккомодации

Rice. 5. Scheme of refraction of the eye

With myopia (myopia), due to the lengthening of the longitudinal axis of the eye and the weakness of the ciliary muscle, the images of objects are focused not on the retina itself, but in front of it. Consequently, a person tends to bring the objects being viewed closer to the eyes or uses glasses with concave lenses to reduce the refractive power of the lens.
There is no doubt that the oculomotor muscles are extremely important for good vision. So, they must be trained and protected from premature weakening.
And a few more words about the structure of the eye. Everyone has heard such a word as "retina". Especially often we hear it in the phrase "retinal detachment". So what is a retina? This is the front edge of the brain, the most distant part of the visual analyzer from the brain. The retina is the first to perceive light, processes and transforms the light energy into irritation - a signal in which all the information about what the eye sees is encoded. The retina of the eye is very complex both in structure and in function. Its structure resembles the structure of the cerebral cortex. The retinal membrane is very thin - about 0.fourteen mm.
From the point of view of functions, different parts of the retina are not equivalent. The most important area is the so-called "yellow spot". It is located 3-four mm to the temple and up from the exit of the optic nerve from the eye.
The "yellow spot" has the shape of an oval. It is filled predominantly with cone photoreceptors. The retina here is as thin as possible - it is equal to 0.0eight mm, all layers are missing, except for the layer of cones.
A person sees best with the "yellow spot": all light information falling on this area of ​​​​the retina is transmitted most fully, without distortion.
Opposite in its properties is the blind spot. It is located in the place where the optic nerve passes into the higher parts of the brain, and everything that falls on it disappears from the field of view of a person.
In the retina of vertebrates, ten layers of nerve elements are usually distinguished, interconnected not only structurally and morphologically, but also functionally. The number of light-perceiving receptors in the retina is enormous - onethirty million, of which only 7 million are cone receptors that provide color vision.
Each light-sensitive cell (cone) has a nerve fiber that connects the receptors to the central nervous system. At the same time, each cone is connected by its own separate fiber, while exactly the same fiber “serves” the whole group (“bush”) of rods.
The conduction section of the visual analyzer consists of optic nerve fibers that connect the retina with higher visual centers. The optic nerves of the right and left sides intersect. In humans and higher apes, only half of the fibers of each optic nerve crosses. The other end of the visual analyzer is located in the back of the occipital lobe of the cortex. It ends in the brain and is therefore called cerebral. This is where the signals from all light-perceiving elements of the retina converge. This is where visual sensations come in. The mechanism of their occurrence is still not solved.
And did you know that…
A simple way to significantly improve memory was proposed by scientists from the University of the British city