Health-improving aerobics in morning exercises is a system of specially selected physical exercises, during which the child develops comprehensively. Aerobics in morning exercises contributes to the formation of correct posture; strengthening the musculoskeletal system; improvement of blood circulation, respiration, metabolic processes, activity of the nervous system. With the help of physical exercises included in the morning exercises, the large muscles of the shoulder girdle, trunk, legs, joint mobility develop and strengthen; the processes of tension and relaxation are normalized; they also contribute to the development of the psychophysical qualities of the child.

Works by V.M. Bekhterova proved that the performance of general developmental exercises with aerobics affects the function of higher nervous activity. Simple movements with balls, simulators help relieve stress, relieve mental fatigue. They are able to improve physical development, and therefore develop the child physically.

The author of the textbook “Morning Gymnastics” for preschool children, the German teacher Rosa Demeter, provides that, including exercises for older preschool children in gymnastics, one must proceed from the psychology of the children themselves, their fantasy and imagination. Her words are confirmed by the fact that the inclusion of riddles, counting rhymes, sayings in morning exercises contributes to the desire to imagine and show in motion what is heard.

Aerobics in morning exercises is a universal means of physical education and has a versatile effect on the child’s body, helping to strengthen the musculoskeletal system, improve functionality, develop physical qualities and mental processes. As a result of the systematic implementation of health-improving aerobics in the morning exercises, physiological processes are enhanced, a kind of fund of the motor apparatus is created, which is necessary both in everyday life and in the formation of more complex motor skills (D.E. Khukhlaeva, P.P. Butsinskaya, K.A. Zemskov, V.N. Shebeko).

Health-improving aerobics in morning exercises can be carried out in various complexes and allows you to accurately dose physical activity in accordance with the age and degree of fitness of those involved. Gymnastics involves the location of outdoor switchgear in a certain sequence so that they alternately affect all muscle groups and body functions of children (M.I. Fonarev, V.M. Smolevsky).

Health aerobics plays an important role in the formation of correct posture, which is of great importance for the physical development of preschoolers. This is facilitated by: firstly, the gymnastic style of performing the open switchgear and the requirements for fixing postures in the initial, intermediate and final positions, which allows children to form the correct posture and musculo-motor ideas about it. Secondly, under the influence of the systematic use of morning exercises, the timely uniform development of the muscular and skeletal systems, the articular-ligamentous apparatus occurs, the mobility in the joints and the elasticity of muscles and ligaments increase. Thirdly, in the process of performing outdoor switchgear, which are part of health aerobics, the most effective is deep, infrequent intense breathing. At the same time, air reaches the alveoli, the lung tissue is well ventilated, the respiratory muscles work economically, and their performance has time to recover. In a calm state and with a slight load, nasal breathing is normal, during which the air is warmed, cleaned of dust, microbes. In addition, it excites the nerve endings in the nasal sinuses, the entire respiratory apparatus is tuned to breathing (nasopharyngeal reflex), the tone of the cerebral cortex increases, which contributes to its development.

During physical exertion, its pulmonary ventilation increases many times over, the patency of the nasal passages becomes insufficient. In these cases, inhale through the nose and exhale through the nose and mouth, or inhale and exhale through the nose and mouth at the same time.

The activity of muscle gas exchange in the lungs is determined by a number of factors:

1. The strength of the respiratory muscles (diaphragm, external and internal intercostal, pectoral, sternoclavicular, rectus and oblique muscles of the abdomen and a number of other muscles).

2. Mobility of the chest.

3. The combination of the structure of movement and the respiratory cycle (correspondence of the analytical posture to inhalation and exhalation).

4. Interaction of the work of the respiratory and motor centers of the brain.

5. Rate and rhythm of breathing.

In gymnastics, exercises aimed at strengthening the respiratory system, the formation rational breathing skills are respiratory. The strength of the respiratory muscles affects the mobility of the chest, actively develops the lung tissue and thus promotes deep full breathing. In a child, the respiratory muscles, as well as all muscle strength, do not differ in strength, they must be developed. At present, due to a significant number of respiratory diseases, respiratory allergies, this work is of particular importance as a means of the full development of children who have had pulmonary diseases.

The strength of the respiratory tract increases in exercises where there is a fixed, long exhalation, exhalation with overcoming an obstacle (with half-closed lips, with clenched teeth, etc.) (G.P. Leskova)

Health-improving aerobics in the morning exercises has a positive effect on the functional state of the cardiovascular system, respiratory and nervous systems, and also improves metabolic processes in the body. (D.V. Khukhlaeva).

Morning exercises allow you to develop various respiratory qualities. ORU, included in gymnastics, performed with an increase in the amplitude of movements, contribute to the development of flexibility (P.P. Butsinskaya). Flexibility has many manifestations. Thus, the flexibility of the cervical vertebrae, shoulder joints of the lumbar region largely determines the activity of the child’s motor activity.

The provisions of M. Alexander are also important that a posture is formed in a child when performing health-improving aerobics in the morning exercises. And for this, exercises are selected that most strengthen the large muscle groups of the shoulder girdle and back.

L.I. Lubysheva, studying aerobics in order to improve the health of older preschool children, believes that it is important to master a variety of movements, to know the mechanism of their effect on the body.

When organizing health-improving aerobics in the morning exercises, in the process of performing exercises in the muscle tissue, the content of contractile proteins increases: actin, myosin, actomyosin; the amount of hemoglobin increases, the oxygen capacity of the muscles and the intensity of oxidative processes increase. Morphological and biochemical changes in working muscles cause functional shifts – all this contributes to an increase in flexibility. Many outdoor switchgear can be carried out with equipment: balls different diameters, simulators – steps, the use of music of different styles. They are not only perceived by children as part of the game, and allow you to repeat the same exercises many times, maintaining interest in them (A.V. Keneman, D.V. Khukhlaeva), but also contributes to the development of children’s fantasy and imagination.

L.D. Nazarenko in her research revealed that health-improving aerobics with morning exercises in children strengthens the cardiovascular system. The high functional level of the heart is determined by its strong slow contraction and relaxation (a rarer pulse), as well as the strict certainty in the alternation of these processes, which creates favorable conditions for the nutrition of the heart muscle. The rhythm of heart contractions depends on the strength of the heart muscle, its blood supply, the state of nervous regulation, and the intensity of the work performed.

The heart is a trainable organ. It quickly reacts to the slightest changes in physical work. The systematic use of morning exercises has a positive effect on the function of the heart, since the load increases gradually, clearly dosed.

Tension alternates rhythmically with relaxation or rest pauses. As a result, the heart muscle becomes strong, the rhythm is smoother and less frequent, the work of the child’s heart is more precisely restructured, the muscular apparatus is incompletely developed and the heart contractions are uneven, associated with imperfect nervous regulation. Therefore, when conducting health-improving aerobics in the morning gymnastics, it is necessary to increase the load with more caution, during some exercises, give pauses for rest, increase them little by little.

The stroke volume of the heart increases rapidly as it grows, the development of the central and peripheral nervous apparatus of the heart is characterized by high rates.

It should be noted that health-improving aerobics in the morning exercises has a direct impact on both the development of the motor function and the mental development of the child.

In the process of learning and performing recreational aerobics in children, various types of perception are improved. Visual perceptions create an image of movement in its dynamics, expressiveness, spatial relationships. Use of health aerobics in morning exercises promotes the development of the ability to improvise.

Aqua aerobics is performed in water. It not only facilitates physical exercises, but also enhances their effect. Exercises in water develop flexibility, strengthen health. Step aerobics – English gymnastics means “step”, used after illness. “Stretching” – the muscles are stretched for a few seconds, and then return to normal. Fitball – creates a unique emotional uplift. The use of balls brings a game moment in the morning gymnastics.