Diving (eng. "diving" from the English "to dive" - ​​to dive) is a very broad concept that includes many varieties of scuba diving. In the English language where the word was taken from, diving simply means "diving", that is, it is used to refer to any kind of diving, from simple diving to diving work.

Depending on the equipment used, there are 3 types of diving:

- without a breathing apparatus under water - freediving;
- with a breathing apparatus - scuba diving;
- with complex technical equipment for professional underwater work - diving.

Freediving, Free Diving - underwater swimming while holding your breath (apnea). As additional equipment, swimmers can use wetsuits, fins and masks, but they can do without it at all. Freedivers develop personal ability to hold their breath for maximum time and maximum depth. World records for freedivers are amazing: diving to a depth of 281 m (dynamics in fins) and 11 minutes 35 seconds of apnea. Perhaps one cannot say better about freediving than world record holder Natalya Molchanova did: “freediving is diving for sensations. For the euphoria of floating in space. For delightful moments of intoxication with the beauty of the underwater world, when you see it with the pure eyes of a child inside you, it becomes fabulous and your heart lights up with a smile. For the enjoyment of solitude, when inner peace dissolves the vanity of thoughts. For joy, when for happiness, it turns out, you just need to breathe in, and with particular acuteness you feel a taste for life.

Scuba-Diving - diving underwater with a special breathing apparatus. SCUBA is a Russian transcription of the English abbreviation SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus), which translates roughly as “self-sufficient underwater breathing apparatus”. Modern SKUBA devices differ from the very first devices - scuba gear invented by Jacques-Yves Cousteau, although the concept of the device has not changed significantly. In the modern world, no one calls or uses the word "scuba" in relation to the apparatus for breathing under water, it is correct to call it SCUBA. People who use these submersibles are called divers or SCUBA divers, not scuba divers. Scuba – Aqua Lung is a manufacturer of diving equipment. Just like not all photocopiers are "xeorxes", so are not all apparatuses for underwater breathing "scuba gear". Scuba diving opens up incredible possibilities for a person to know the underwater world, because you can dive with the device for a long time and to great depths.

A dive in which air is supplied to the diver through a hose from the surface (from a special compressor) is called hookah diving (Hookah Diving). In this case, it is necessary to have a partner who controls the equipment. Most often this system is used in professional diving.

Professional diving is also called "commercial diving". These are underwater dives performed by professionals for remuneration, in the narrow sense - work under water in diving equipment. During such dives, the entire arsenal of underwater equipment and equipment can be used, ranging from ordinary masks with snorkels to specialized equipment and gas mixtures. Professional divers have serious training: they undergo special training, have good health, use more sophisticated equipment than in other types of diving. Professional divers carry out rescue, installation, engineering and other types of work. Professional diving also includes: military diving, "police" diving (search for evidence under water), scientific diving, media (journalism, cinema), scientific diving (underwater research).

The opposite of professional diving, where the divers are paid for underwater work by the customer, is “recreational diving”, diving for recreation, pleasure, when the diver pays for the dive. Entertainment under water can be very different, later in the article we will tell you more about such varieties of recreational diving as: ice diving, drift diving and others.
Diver training takes place in several stages - from the entry level (Open Water Diver) to the dive master (Dive Master). Each level expands the limits of diving. Completion of each course is confirmed by a certificate. The diver can stop at any stage of training, depending on their goals. The content of the course of study, teaching methods and other nuances may differ in existing training systems developed by different associations (IANTD, PADI and many others).

Anyone can dive under the supervision of a professional, even if he cannot swim. This is called intro-dive / introdiving, Introdive, also Discover Scuba Diving - introductory scuba diving. Before diving, a beginner is instructed (20-30 minutes), and in the water he is literally “by the hand” accompanied by an instructor. The dive takes place at a shallow depth (up to 5 m), so it does not require special physical training. Intro dives are very common in seaside resorts, but they often have a bad reputation: in Egypt and Turkey, it is not rare that, in the pursuit of profit, instruction is reduced to a minimum, and the dive itself is carried out in groups with an insufficient number of instructors.

Snorkeling, snorkeling (German "Schnorchel" snorkel) is a type of freediving - a type of swimming under the surface of the water with a mask and snorkel and usually with fins. The use of this equipment allows the swimmer to observe underwater beauty for a long time with minimal effort. It is a popular entertainment, especially in tropical latitudes. It is accessible to most people, including children, who dive underwater with great interest to see pebbles, shells and other interesting details of the underwater world.

Spear Fishing is another type of freediving. Hunting for fish and other living creatures under water with a speargun, crossbow or pike (sling). Spearfishing is lake, river and sea. Hunting occurs only while holding the breath. Spearfishing with the use of breathing apparatus is prohibited almost all over the world. considered poaching. Spearfishing is very popular: there are clubs and organizations that promote and develop only this sport. Meetings and competitions are held, both team and individual. A very interesting, dynamic and exciting sport that requires excellent physical fitness of the athlete. An underwater hunter must know the habits of fish, their habitats, effective ways to catch them in relation to the reservoir, season, day, weather conditions and so on. The aesthetic component of the hunting process itself is also very important. New pages from the life of the underwater world and its inhabitants are opened to a person, spiritually enriching the thoughtful contemplator.

Underwater Treasure Hunt - Under water you can find a lot of items, and not only garbage (although it is getting more and more every year). Treasure hunting will help to touch the history of your people or look at the life of ancient people. Water perfectly preserves various objects, so there is always a chance to find some thing that is tens or hundreds of years old. In treasure hunting, special equipment is often used - an underwater metal detector, which helps to detect various objects containing metals under a layer of silt. However, it is worth remembering that historical values ​​​​must be carefully protected, therefore the UN and the organization for the protection of historical values ​​​​have imposed a ban on free treasure hunting around the world.

Night diving, Night Diving is a special type of diving, which can be attributed to extreme recreation. In general, a night dive is considered a dive one hour before sunset, when it is already dark underwater due to the low position of the sun, although it is still twilight on the surface. The same place under water looks completely different day and night. Marine inhabitants change their behavior at night, they become passive and more easily let the diver close. Night diving uses special underwater lights. Thanks to their light, you can see the underwater world in real and saturated colors, in contrast to daytime diving, when the depth absorbs light (red and yellow rays), which makes the entire underwater world appear in blue-green tones.

Ice diving, Ice Diving and also known as ice diving (less commonly referred to as "ice diving") - winter diving that requires special skills and endurance, and of course, equipment. The dive takes place in a "dry" wetsuit - it does not allow water to pass to the body and allows the use of additional lower layers (thermal underwear or warm clothes). Under-ice diving is impressive in a special way: the ice forms incredibly beautiful hummocks and even entire caves with tunnels and labyrinths. In addition, visibility in cold water can reach an unprecedented 300 meters, although this can sometimes be difficult to estimate. due to insufficient lighting.

Cave diving, Cave Diving, cave diving, hydrospeleology is a type of technical diving performed in underwater caves. It is a very dangerous type of diving and makes extremely serious demands on the skills of the swimmer, the reliability of the equipment and the configuration of the equipment. The study of underwater caves can be interesting not only from the point of view of extreme recreation, but as a scientific study or search for historical treasures.

Wreck Diving is a type of dive in which you descend onto sunken ships or objects. The wreck of a ship is sometimes referred to in slang as a "wreck". Three types of dives are possible: without penetration, with limited penetration, with full penetration into the object. Depending on the specifics of each dive, equipment and equipment are individually selected. Such diving can be technically challenging and sometimes even dangerous, but it is always exciting and emotional.

Drift diving, also referred to as Drift Diving, is diving in an area where there is a fairly strong current. To move under water, the diver uses the force of the current, thereby saving his strength and