Sinop (tur. Sinop) is a district and city in northern Turkey.

History
Antiquity
Sinop (Sinop) – in ancient times one of the main Greek colonies on the southern coast of the Black Sea, on the peninsula of the Paphlagonian coast, east of Cape Karambis. The colony was founded, according to legend, by Jason’s companion Autolycus, who had a temple and an oracle here. In historical times, Sinop was colonized by the Milesians twice: for the first time – before the Cimmerians invaded Asia (until 751 BC), and again – in 632 BC. e. Thanks to its favorable position and two harbors, Sinop soon became a rich trading city, the area of ​​​​which extended to Galis. Later, Sinop, in turn, became the metropolis of the Black Sea cities of Kotiora (in the region of Tibaren), Trebizond, Keras, Hoyrad, Lycaste, Garmena, etc. Around 436 BC. e. known as the tyrant Timesilaus.
Under Mithridates Evpator, who was born and raised here, Sinop became the residence of the Pontic king and was decorated with luxurious buildings. During the third Mithridatic War, Cleocharus locked himself up here, becoming the tyrant of the city, but after a stubborn defense, the city was taken by Lucullus and plundered. Among other works of art, Lucullus then took away to Rome the statues of Autolycus. Declared a free and autonomous city, Sinop in 45 BC. e. was colonized by the Romans. Cinnabar (Greek: Σινωνική μίλτος) was famous as one of the objects of Sinopian trade.

Middle Ages
As it rose in the 4th c. n. e. Amasya, the role and well-being of Sinop began to fall. According to the charter of the Crusaders of 1204 on the division of the Byzantine Empire Partitio Romaniae, Sinop was nominally included in the Latin Empire, but in fact it was never controlled by it. Since 1205, it belonged to the Trebizond Empire, but already on November 1, 1214, the Seljuk sultan took it by cunning, who immediately turned all Greek churches into mosques. However, it is also noteworthy that, having conquered the city, the Turks knocked out a manifesto (1215) to the local residents in Greek on the Sinop citadel. The first Seljuk occupation of Sinop weakened the ties of the Crimean Peratia with Trebizond. Trying to strengthen their power in the Crimea and the Black Sea region, the Pontic Greeks were able to temporarily return Sinop under their control in 1254, restored the churches, but a new Turkic invasion of Anatolia deprived them of control over this outpost already in 1265 year.
In 1461, the Turkish sultan Mahomet II took it (cf. Streuber, “Sinope”, Basel, 1855).
In the 19th century, Sinop (tur. Sinob) was the main city of the sanjak in the Turkish province of Kastamuni and one of the steamship stations between Constantinople and Trebizond. It consists of the Turkish city proper in the west and the Greek quarter in the east. Two bazaars, one big mosque. The only completely preserved ancient building is called by the Greeks the “Castle of Mithridates” and consists of four halls under one vaulted roof. The number of inhabitants was 8-10 thousand, half of them were Turks. Trade was limited to the export of timber, wax, fruits, silk and leather. In 1853, during the Battle of Sinop, the Turkish part of the city was badly damaged by fire, and the city could not recover from this blow for a long time.

Climate
The climate of Sinop is oceanic (Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification).
Summer in the city is warm and humid with an average daily temperature of +26 °C, but rarely exceeding +30 °C. The highest temperature was recorded in Sinop on July 6, 2000 and amounted to +34.4 °C. Winters in the city are cool and humid with an average temperature of around +7 °C. The lowest temperature was recorded on February 21, 1985 and was -7.5 °C.

Sights and museums
Fortress of Sinop-Kale (tour. Sinop Kalesi)
Sinop Prison (tour. Sinop Kale Cezaevi)
Sinop Archaeological Museum