Manisa (tur. Manisa) is a city and district in the western part of Anatolia, the center of the Turkish province of Manisa. Population – 278,967 (2009 census). From the Greek words “magnetis lithos” [μαγνητης λιθος] that is, the stone of Magnesia [Μαγνησια] – such words as “magnesia”, “magnet” and “magnetism” come from, but it would be wrong to associate these words directly with this city, since all Asia Minor Magnesia – and there were seven of them – come from the region of Magnesia in Thessaly, Central Greece (Magnesia). The Stone of Magnesia is related specifically to the Thessalian Magnesia.

History
The historical name of the city is Magnesia-u-Sipila (not to be confused with the nearby Magnesia-on-Meander). An ancient city that existed already in the 5th century. BC e., was wiped off the face of the earth by repeated earthquakes. В древней истории он упоминается Ливием в связи с битвой 190 г. BC e., during which the Romans, led by Lucius Scipio, inflicted a terrible defeat on the Syrian army of Antiochus III.
Middle Ages
In 1204-1261, Magnesia was actually one of the capitals of the Nicaean Empire (along with Nicaea and Nymphaeum): now the treasury and the mint were located here, on which the famous Byzantine hyperpyres were minted. However, the gold content in them continued to gradually decrease. The emperor’s famous egg farm was also located nearby: with the proceeds from the sale of eggs to the starving Seljuk Turks, the Nicene emperor even presented the empress with the famous crown, called the “egg” (oaton). The golden age of medieval Magnesia began when the Empire of Nicaea was ruled by John III Duka Vatatzes (1221-1254). On November 3, 1254, he died in a tent set up in the palace garden at Nymphaeum. He was buried in the monastery of the Savior built by him in Sosandry near Magnesia.
After the return of the capital to Constantinople (1261), Magnesia quickly fell into disrepair. Nomadic Turkmens and Turkish Ghazi warriors flock to the city with their herds. Agriculture, and winemaking in particular, which was an important backbone of the Greek economy, is rapidly declining. In 1302, the city was surrounded on all sides by the Turks, who actually began to besiege it. During the offensive of the Turks at the beginning, the remains of Emperor John III were transferred to Magnesia itself, and the monastery of the Savior in Sosandra was destroyed by the Muslims.

In the same 1302, after the failure of the military campaign to liberate Magnesia from the Turkish siege of Vasileus Michael IX and his Alanian mercenaries, who were actually besieged by the Turks inside the city walls, a significant part of the Greek population of the city in a panic secretly flees at night after the retreating Byzantine army towards Adramittiya, and then crosses over to a more protected Lampsak. In 1304, on behalf of the Byzantine emperor, the Catalan campaign approached its walls to liberate the city from the Turkish siege. However, the inhabitants were afraid of looting by the mercenaries and refused to let them into the city, putting up resistance. Roger de Flor could not take the city either by storm or by siege, and therefore out of revenge he robbed all the adjacent Greek villages. The survivors fled to the islands of the Aegean Sea.
In 1313, Sarukhan Bey conquered Manisa and Nymphaeum from the Byzantines and made it the capital of his state, Sarukhanogullary. After the capture of Magnesia, the Turks threw the body of Emperor John III into a ravine.
Sarukhan even minted his gigliato in the city. In 1390, Manisa became part of the Ottoman state, but later the descendants of Saru Khan opposed the Ottomans on the side of Tamerlane, who restored their state. Manisa finally became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1410, becoming the center of the sanjak. Traditionally, the sanjak-bey in Manisa was appointed heir to the Sultan’s throne. There he was trained and prepared for the reign.

new time
In 1912, Greeks lived in the city – 38,926 people, Turks – 37,900 people, Armenians – 2,000 people, Jews – 1,000 people.