Anbar (Arabic: الأنبار‎) is a historical city in the Anbar province of modern Iraq, located on the east bank of the Euphrates.

History
Around 350, Shapur II, the ruler of the Sassanid state, founded the city of Peroz-Shapur around this place. In 363, the city was taken by Emperor Julian II and destroyed, but soon revived again, and its name changed to “Anbar” (in Arabic “warehouse”, “barn”).

The city in the first centuries of Christianity was the center of the Nestorian diocese of the same name of the Assyrian Church of the East.

When As-Saffah founded his caliphate, he made Anbar his capital. The city performed this role until the founding of Baghdad in 762. Subsequently, Anbar fell into disrepair and was abandoned.