Barun-Urt, until 1989 it was called Barun-Urt in Russian; mong. Baruun-Urt is a city in Mongolia. The administrative center of Sukhbaatar aimag and the sum of the same name.
It is located in the eastern part of Mongolia in the northeastern part of the Sukhbaatar aimag. The distance from Baruun-Urta to Ulaanbaatar is about 500 kilometers in a straight line and 565 kilometers by road. Baruun-Urt is located in a dry steppe hilly area at an altitude of 981 meters above sea level. The height of the surrounding hills does not exceed 1160 meters. The entire surrounding area has a slope to the south, where, 12 km from the city from west to east, a valley covered with salt marshes and dried salt lakes (Tumengiin-Nur, Shorot-Tsagan-Nur, Tasarkhain-Nur) stretches from 0.5 to 4 km wide and 100 km long.
Through the western part of the city, the Baruun Urt stream flows from the north, which gave the name to the city (“Western Long”), which is filled with water only during the summer rains.

Approximately 100 km southeast of the city, the Dariganga volcanic field begins (it partially enters the territory of China) on which there are many dozens of extinct volcanoes of various sizes (one of the largest calderas has a diameter of 2800 m 45 ° 33′44 ″ N. w.. 113°31′04″ E HGЯO), while the relative height of none of them exceeds 300 m.
The area of ​​the city itself is 52.83 km², and the total somon, which includes the city, is 542.6 km² (according to other sources, the area of ​​​​the city is 55.136 km², of which the actual built-up land is 52.77 km², the land of the road network is 1.59 km², land covered with woody vegetation 0.06 km², water areas and water protection zones 0.03 km², agricultural land 0.626 km²).
Baruun-Urta is characterized by a long frosty winter lasting from November to March. In winter, very little snow falls (only 10 mm of precipitation in the period November-March), a powerful snow cover does not form, most of the snow is blown away by winds from open areas of the area. Because of this, deep freezing of the soil occurs. On the other hand, the presence of practically snowless open areas of the steppe and semi-desert allows year-round grazing for grazing. The presence of snow accumulating near obstacles and in terrain folds makes it possible to graze cattle in winter away from wells, springs and other sources of watering.
Spring short, characterized by the absence of spring floods and a high frequency of occurrence of sand (dust) storms of great strength. Short-term returns of severe frosts and snowstorms are also possible.
Summers are warm, and it is during this season that the vast majority of precipitation falls. Summer rains are a consequence of the arrival of the monsoon. Vegetation begins in June and vegetation cover is formed, the degree of development of which is determined by the amount of precipitation in a given season. Vegetation stops after the end of the rainy season - in September.
Autumn is short and dry.
The climate does not allow non-irrigated (non-irrigated) agriculture. Irrigated agriculture in the vicinity of the city is not developed due to the lack of water supply sources for irrigation. The nearest agricultural area to the city is located about 40 km north of Baruun-Urta. There is no agriculture in Mongolia south of the city.
Harsh winters also hinder gardening.

History
The region in which the city was founded has long been inhabited by people. There are numerous finds of tools from the Stone Age. The stone statues of balbals, attributed to the ancient Turks, belong to a later period of history. In the city area there is a road lined with granite boulders on the sides and called the "path of the horse of Genghis Khan."
The settlement called Baruun-Urt was founded in connection with the formation in 1942 (according to other sources in 1941) of a new Sukhbaatar aimag. When choosing the location of the future city, the decisive role was played by the availability of water sources for the population, the presence of explored coal reserves in relative proximity to the city, which, as is often the case in Mongolia, go straight to the surface. Only the presence of mineral fuel for stove heating and cooking made it possible to create a large settlement in the treeless aimag. In addition, the administrative center of the aimag was located near the geographical center of the aimag, which facilitated transport accessibility for the inhabitants of the aimag. It was also fortunate that the future city was located on the border of the areas of settlement of the two main ethnic groups of the aimak: the Khalkha Mongols to the north of Baruun-Urta and the Dariganga to the south. This, in particular, determined the ethnically mixed composition of the city's population. The founding place of the city was only 15 km northeast of the location of a large monastery that had been destroyed only 4 years earlier. The monastery, in which there were up to 1000 monks, has been a significant center of the region for many years.
In the conditions of World War II, the remoteness of almost 300 km from the state border with the puppet state of Mengjiang created by the Japanese invaders in part of China was also important. In the summer of 1945, during preparations for the Soviet-Japanese War, Soviet and Mongolian troops were located south and east of the city, which were part of the cavalry-mechanized group under the command of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the Hero of Mongolia Pliev, who formed the extreme right flank of the Transbaikal Front.
In the first years of its existence, Baruun-Urt remained a settlement that performed exclusively administrative and commercial functions, its population did not exceed 2-3 thousand people. Population growth began in connection with the conduct of collectivization and the associated creation (with the help of the USSR) of the infrastructure of public free medicine and universal education. The growth in the well-being of the rural population was due, in particular, to the presence of regular cash payments to the shepherds working in collective farms, which increased the volume of retail trade. To provide the population with some goods, small enterprises of local industry began to be created in the city. This could not but affect the growth of the population of Baruun-Urta. In 1957, according to the decree of the Great People's Khural (Parliament) of Mongolia, it received the status of a city (although in the early 1960s its population was only 3.5 thousand inhabitants), but in subsequent years, a steady increase in population was observed. By the end of the 1980s, it reached 16 thousand inhabitants.

Culture
The city has the Music and Drama Theater "Zhaakhan Sharga", the Museum of Sukhbaatar aimag, the State Library.
The Museum of Sukhbaatar aimag was opened in 1972 on the basis of the local history cabinet that existed since 1949. The building was built specifically for the museum in 1971. Its funds contain more than 5 thousand items, there are collections of archaeological, ethnographic, historical, artistic, etc. In the museum you can see the national costumes of all three ethnic groups inhabiting the aimag - Khalkha, Dariganga and Uzumchins. There is a collection of exhibits of crafts resumed in Dariganga for the manufacture of handicrafts from silver, artistic forging of iron. There is a collection of stuffed animals inhabiting the aimag, including Mongolian gazelles-dzerens. There is an exposition dedicated to the stone statues of balbals, both male and female, attributed to the ancient Turks.
Two newspapers are published: "Shine Sukhbaatar" ("New Sukhe-Bator", meaning the name of the aimag) and "Saikhan medee" ("Good News").
In addition to national TV channels, two local TV studios broadcast: BBS and Talyn Dolgion (Steppe Wave).
There are two FM radio stations on the air: 107.5 MHz “Ertöntsiyn ayalguu” (“World Melody”) and 103.1 MHz “Kiss you”.

Religion
The vast majority of the city's population, as well as the entire aimag, traditionally belong to Buddhism.
During the implementation of the Swiss federal government funded (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC) program Food Security and Livelihoods in the Small Urban Centers of Mongolia[20], interviews were conducted with households in Baruun-Urta, according to this study, 67.9% of household heads reported that they are Buddhists, 28.9% said they were non-believers, 1.26% - Christians. In this study, no Muslims were noted, but 1.89% indicated a religion other than those listed.
Baruun-Urt was built in socialist times, so there were no religious buildings in it initially. In the post-socialist period, the Buddhist monastery Erdenemandal Hiyd was erected. There is one temple in the monastery, the territory is surrounded by a decorative wall (100 by 70 m). Both the temple and the wall are made in the traditional architectural style. The new monastery inherited its name from the former one (built in 1830), which was located 46°37′40″ N. sh. 113°07′10″ E d.HGЯO 15 km from the place where the city was later founded. During its heyday, the old monastery had seven temples and up to 1,000 monks. The monastery was destroyed in 1938 (like almost all places of worship in Mongolia) during the repressions against religion.
The new monastery is located in the central part of the city, about 400 m west of the main square along the street leading to the bridge over the stream and then to the exit towards Ulaanbaatar. Not far from the monastery are main market and bus station.

Education
The city has a Science and Technology School (college), a branch of the Mongolian University of Science and Technology. The college has 260 students, a hostel for 104 places.
The school complex (combines primary classes, middle classes and senior