high cost. In England, however, numerous townspeople joined in fishing, for whom long whips were inconvenient during transportation, and therefore the manufacture of compound rods became more widespread. At the end of the XIX century. rods made up of steel, and then duralumin and titanium tubes appeared (first in America, before the First World War - in Germany and since 1937 - in England).

After the Second World War, a new material appeared - fiberglass, which is a composition of polymer and fiberglass. Technology получения этого материала была заимствована американцем A. Ховалдом из самолетостроения и успешно им применялась для изготовления гибких и прочных телескопических удилищ из стеклопластика. Since the late 70s, they have been replaced by modern rods made of carbon fiber or with its additives, which are distinguished by their lower weight, longer length (up to 10–12 meters), as well as increased rigidity and strength. The widespread introduction of carbon fiber rods into fishing practice is only constrained by their high cost, which is to some extent offset by a long service life, of course, with careful handling.

Reels for winding fishing line appeared in China about a thousand years ago, and tulip guides have been installed on rods since the beginning of the 18th century. (England and USA). The first European coils were large (up to 30 cm in diameter) and were first made of wood, and then of metal (steel, brass, aluminum) and plastic (ebonite, and from the beginning of the 30s - bakelite). A simple reel was improved for fly fishing in the 60s of the XIX century, a little later swivel reels appeared.

The inertia-free reel was invented by the English textile worker Holden Illinworth in 1905, using the principle of winding thread on bobbins in spinning machines in a logging machine. However, inertialess reels became widespread only from 1940 (England) and from 1947 (USA, and then Germany) and were the main prerequisite for creating "running" equipment in combination with telescopic rods.

Multiplier reels were created at the end of the 18th century. and brought to an almost modern look by watchmakers George Snyder and Jonathan Steen from Kentucky (USA).

Spoon-shaped metal baubles have been used since Middle Ages (Northern Italy), and the hesitant ones have become widespread since 1906 (“Heinz baubles”, etc.). A little later, spinners, devons (turbines) and wobblers (artificial diving fish) appeared. In Kievan Rus, fishing hooks connected to baubles were not a novelty.

Artificial flies (hooks with feathers), as already noted, have been known since ancient times. The first descriptions of them date back to around 150 AD. e.: крючок обматывали шерстяными нитками, окрашенными красным вином, и прикрепляли к нему два петушиных перышка, пропитанных воском. Wasp-like flies were intended for trout fishing.

The creation of new fishing gear led to the improvement of fishing techniques, which was largely facilitated by the literature on fishing.

Even in the XIII century. one Portuguese monk wrote a fishing book under this "short" title: "The latest and most detailed guide to the successful catching of all kinds of fish by all means and gear at any time of the year on rivers, ponds and seas."

The first treatise on sport fishing appeared in England in 1496, when the second edition of the Book of St. Elbans included a section entitled "A Guide to Fishing with a Rod", written by the abbess of the convent Juliana Barnes (according to other sources, "A Treatise on Fishing with Hooksby Juliana Berners). The author described methods for making fishing lines, hooks, sinkers, floats, artificial flies, and also provided a drawing of a fishing rod with a leash in the form of a metal chain for catching predatory fish. Lady Barnes, in order to improve the system, advised the rod to be made with three knees - from hazel, willow and poplar. In conclusion, the wish was expressed for the anglers not to be greedy and "take care to feed the object of their trade, and not destroy it."

Another book on fishing with a rod (Leonard Mascall's "The Book of Fishing with a Hook and Line") appeared in 1590.

In 1653, the Englishman Isaac Walton wrote the book The Perfect Angler, or the Rest of a Thoughtful Man, in which, along with practical advice, it was proposed to tame vipers (?!) for catching fish.

The book of his compatriot D. C. Wilcock "The Fisherman of the Sea" during 1665-1875. it was reprinted three times, and in 1905 P. L. Halslop's book, The Sea Angler's Handbook, was published.

It should be noted that until the end 19th century in the literature on fishing, much attention was paid to various aromatic additives, including such exotic ones as heron fat, cockchafer oil, etc.

The first book in Russia entirely devoted to catching fish - "The Most Experienced Fisherman" - was published in 1829 in Moscow in the printing house of N. Stepanov. The next was the book of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (1791-1859), a famous Russian writer, hunter and fisherman, Notes on Fishing (1847). “You read Aksakov’s “On Fishing” - get infected! An amazing book, you know, written like that - Bram would envy ”(M. Gorky).

In 1875, the capital work of the Russian ichthyologist Leonid Pavlovich Sabaneev (1844–1898) “Fish of Russia. Life and fishing (fishing) of our freshwater fish”, which went through three editions only in pre-revolutionary times (the most complete is the second edition in 1892) and was repeatedly reprinted in subsequent years under various titles. Six editions of the Kyiv publishing house "Harvest", for example, came out under the title "Life and catching freshwater fish" with significant reductions, but with the addition of the "Fishing calendar". In 1982, the publishing house "Physical Culture and Sport" L.P. Sabaneev's book "Fish of Russia" was published in two volumes, and this is the most complete publication in recent years.

Even contemporaries noted that neither in domestic nor in foreign literature on fishing is there a book equal to the book by L.P. Sabaneev "Fish of Russia". This work is rightfully considered a classic. For several generations of fishing enthusiasts, the book by L.P. Sabaneev has become a tabletop book.

In 1915, a book by the fisherman and journalist P. G. Cherkasov, Fish Fishing, was published in Petrograd, and in general, over 35 years of literary and journalistic activity, he published about 300 articles and notes.

The first book on fishing after the revolution was written by the professor of zoology of Moscow State University V. N. Lvov (Lvov V. N. Our fish. M .: Edition of M. and S. Sabashnikovs, 1920). The traditions of S. T. Aksakov and L. P. Sabaneev are continued to some extent by the relatively small book of Ya. E. Kiselev “Fish of Our Waters”, published by the Mysl publishing house in 1984.

Books for fishing enthusiasts are regularly published by state, and in recent years by commercial publishers, and do not lie on store shelves.

To meet the growing reader demand in Russia, and then in the USSR, the publication of periodicals on fishing was launched. Since 1878, L.P. Sabaneev published the journal “Nature and Hunting”, materials from which and personal observations were the basis for writing the book “Fish of Russia”. Since 1903, the “Bulletin of the Russian Union of Angler Fishers”, created by P. G. Cherkasov, began to appear, and then the magazine “Fisherman-Hunter” (1908–1918).

In Soviet times, the almanac “Rybolov-sportsman” was established especially for anglers (since 1950), and then the magazine “Fish farming and fishing” (since 1958), from which the magazine “Rybolov” (1985) took shape as an independent subscription publication.), now published in Russia with a frequency of six issues a year. In 1994, another popular illustrated magazine, Rybolov-Elite, was founded (it comes out every three months). In the Republic of Belarus, since October 1990, the newspaper “Palyaushchi i Rybalou Belarus” has been published twice a month as an organ of the Belarusian Society of Hunters and Fishermen (BOOR), which also publishes materials on recreational fishing.

In addition, many Russian newspapers, as well as some newspapers in other CIS countries, have headings devoted to fishing. In the Russian newspaper Sovetsky Sport, a whole page of the Mormyshka Club (formerly the Blue Stadium) is systematically devoted to anglers, and the newspaper Selskaya Zhizn has a weekly column called On the River, on the Lake. You can name other newspapers that pay attention to fishing topics. So, for example, since August 1995, the Vecherniy Minsk newspaper published a very informative column "At the Fisherman's Fire", usually published on Fridays.

Television also pays attention to amateur fishing: it is enough to name the television club for hunters and fishermen of Belarus “Udacha” or regular TV programs in St. Petersburg called “Pidsekay”.

In a word, if desired, anglers have a place to satisfy their curiosity and draw up-to-date information from the practice of fishing.

For more information on the history of fisheries, the reader may refer to the relevant literature.[1]

Over the long years of its development, amateur and sport fishing, which at first was the lot of singles, has turned into an exciting pastime for millions, which also has a certain socio-economic value, but more on that after a bit of relaxation in the next chapter.

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Everything that is not good in the heart of a person, it seems, should disappear in contact with nature - this direct expression of beauty and goodness.

L. N. Tolstoy

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Everything is good in nature, but water is the beauty of all nature. The water is alive, it runs or is agitated by the wind; it moves and gives life and movement to everything around.

S. T. Aksakov

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Nature teaches us to understand beauty. Love for one's native country is impossible without love for nature. Therefore, everything, including fishing, that brings us closer to nature and makes